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เนื้อหาย่อ : This book deals with the field of human factors, or ergonomics, as it is also called. In simple terms, the term human factors refers to designing for human use. Ten years ago, it would have been difficult to find very many people outside the human factors profession who could tell you what human factors or ergonomics was. Today, things are different. Human factors and ergonomics are in the news. Visual and somatic complaints of computer terminal users have been linked to poor human factors design. The incident at Three-Mile Island nuclear power station highlighted human factors deficiencies in the control room. The words human factors and especially ergonomics have also found their way into advertisements for automobiles, computer equipment, and even razors. The field is growing, as evidenced by the increase in the mem- bership of human factors professional societies, in graduate programs in human factors, and in job opportunities. We intended this book to be used as a textbook in upper-division and graduate-level human factors courses. We were also aware that this book has been an important resource for human factors professionals over the last six editions and 35 years. To balance these two purposes, we have emphasized the empirical research basis of human factors, we have stressed basic concepts and the human factors considerations involved in the topics covered, and we have supplied references for those who wish to delve into a particular area. We have tried to maintain a scholarly approach to the field. Unfortunately, there are times when our presentation may be a little technical or "'dry,"' especially when we are presenting information that would be more appropriate for the practic- ing human factors specialist than for students. For this we apologize, but we hope the book will be one students will want to keep as a valuable reference. For students, we have written a workbook to accompany this text (published by Kendall-Hunt Publishing Co., , Dubuque, Iowa). Included in the workbook, for each chapter, are a list of key terms and self-contained projects that use concepts and information contained in this book.