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เนื้อหาย่อ : T he motivation for writing Effective Data Base Design stems from the curious phenomenon of consulting with many data base users and observing over a period of time a recurring pattern of the very serious problems encountered in the building of data base applications. The discussion ns with various anged from in-depth to super- fcial. In the vast majority of cases, the problems of their systems could be directly traced to design: system design, data design, and in some cases program design. In the case where program design alone was the problem (a rare pheno menon) other books on program mming, mo odular- ity, structured walk-throughs, and so on, apply. In the more usual case, a poor design of data structures, data bases, and interrelationships of data was at least a contributing factor in the building of unsatisfactory systems and was usually a large part of the problem. It became apparent that solving the major problems of data design would be a significant step toward the larger problem of building satisfactory data base appli- cations. us data base users ra