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เนื้อหาย่อ : COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language) has been adopted as the standard programming medium for administrative applications of the com- puter in industry and government. The language has been continuously reviewed and modifie ied under the sponsorship of the Conference on Data omposed of represen- Systems Language (CODASYL), a v working committee con tatives from major computer language users and computer manufacturers. The current version of COBOL was adopted as the standard by the American National Stand dards Instit titute (ANSI) in 197 74 and is a revision and refinement based on 15 years of experience with the language. This book has been designed to facilitate the learning of COBOL. It includes thorough coverage of concepts, as well as examples of applications at both elementary and intermediate levels of complexity. Review sections are included in the text as opp portunities for the reader to enha hance effective learning through seli-testing. Students in business administration and com- puter science will find this book to be a suitable guide to the language. Througho out this book, the conce cepts of structured programming are used. A structured program is one which follows certain principles of modular design and results in simplification of programming tasks and im- proved self-documentation. The COBOL Ianguage is particularly well-suited for the application of structured programming concepts, and use of these concepts has been incorporated in all of the computer programs that are described.