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เนื้อหาย่อ : AUDIENCE The second edition of Principles and Applications of Inorganic, Organic, and Biological Chemistry is intended to serve under- graduate health-related majors. The book also will be useful to students in all majors that require a one or two semester intro- duction to chemistry. This text strikes a balance between theo- retical and practical chemistry, while emphasizing material that is unique to health-related studies. It is written at a level intended for students whose professional goals do not include a mastery of chemistry, but for whom an understanding of the principles of chemistry and their practical ramifications is a necessity. PHILOSOPHY Chemistry is a unified discipline. In this text we will treat the individual disciplines of inorganic, organic, and biological chem- istry. However, the emphasis will be on integration of these ar- eas to help students understand the inter-relatedness of these dis- ciplines. This approach provides a sound foundation in the principles of chemistry and teaches students that life is not a magical property, but rather is the result of a set of chemical re- actions that obey the laws of chemistry (and physics). We have attempted to provide an interesting and logical sequence that will develop the very basic principles of inorganic and organic chem- istry and an in-depth understanding of the basic biological mol- ecules that make up the cell and the biochemical reactions that allow it to function. ORGANIZATION AND CONTENT One of our major concerns was the challenge of covering all as- pects of inorganic, organic, and biological chemistry in a mean- ingful way. The approach we adopted was to integrate organic and biochemistry. The organic chemistry is immediately applied to the appropriate class of biological molecules. We have at- tempted to provide a comfortable flow of material and have main- tained a rather traditional organization. The first ten chapters sup- ply the background that is generally found in a two semester science majors chemistry course. Chapters 11-14 present the fundamental principles of organic chemistry: basics of nomen- clature, hydrocarbon structure and chemistry, and common func- tional groups. Immediately thereafter we introduce the more bio- chemistry-oriented organic chemistry. Specifically, carbohydrate chemistry immediately follows the discussion of alcohols, ke- tones, and aldehydes. This allows the students to apply what they have just learned about ketones and aldehydes to the important group of biological molecules that are polyhydroxyketones and polyhydroxyaldehydes. A similar approach has been taken with carboxylic acids and lipids, as well as with amines and amides and protein structure. This intermingling of organic and bio- chemistry softens the boundary between the two areas and al- lows instructors to begin coverage of biochemistry earlier in the course. PEDAGOGY In designing the learning system we asked ourselves the ques tion, "If we were students, what would help us organize and un derstand the material covered in this chapter?" We chose the fol lowing pedagogical supports: Learning Goals: Students can use these objectives to pre view chapter concepts and as a self-test after reading th chapter. Detailed Chapter Outline: Topics are divided and subdi vided in outline form to help the students organize the ma terial in their own minds. Boxed Readings-A "Chemistry Connection": These in troductory essays connect the content of each chapter to a interesting application. Perspectives: The perspectives provide practical and rele vant applications of the chemistry covered in the text. Chapter Cross-References: Cross-references are intender to alert students to upcoming topics that require an under standing of the information currently being studied and to help students locate pertinent background material. Illustrations: Each chapter is amply illustrated using fig ures, tables, and chemical formulas. All of these illustration are carefully annotated for clarity. Color-Coding Scheme: Because it is difficult for student to understand the chemical changes that occur in comple: reactions, we have color-coded the reactions so that chemi cal groups being added or removed in a reaction can bi quickly recognized. In-Chapter Examples, Solutions, and Problems: Eacl chapter includes a number of examples that show the stu dent, step by step, precisely how to properly determine th correct answer. Whenever possible, the solved examples ar followed by in-text problems that allow the students to tes their mastery of information and to build self-confidence In-Chapter and End-of-Chapter Problems: The answer to the odd-numbered questions will be found in the back o the book as reinforcement for the students as they develo] problem-solving skills. However, the students must then b able to apply the same principles to the related even-num bered problem. Critical Thinking Problems: These problems are intende to challenge the students to integrate concepts to solve mor complex problems. Chapter Summary: These summaries serve as a "mini study guide," covering the major concepts in the chaptel Key Terms: Key terms are printed in boldface in the tex and are listed, along with the section number, at the end o the chapter. Glossary of Key Terms: Each key term from the text is de fined in the alphabetical glossary at the end of the book A ppendix Material: The Appendixes have been selected be cause the information will be useful to students doing basi work or because they extend information introduced in th chapter.